OSTEOPATHY AND SWEDENBORG: The Influence of Emanuel Swedenborg on the Genesis and Development of Osteopathy, Specifically on Andrew Taylor Still and William Garner Sutherland (English Edition)

OSTEOPATHY AND SWEDENBORG: The Influence of Emanuel Swedenborg on the Genesis and Development of Osteopathy, Specifically on Andrew Taylor Still and William Garner Sutherland (English Edition)

The ideas of Emanuel Swedenborg have had a significant influence on the creation and development of osteopathy, particularly through their influence on Andrew Taylor Still and William Garner Sutherland. Other connections can be seen in the works of Beryl Arbuckle, William L. Grubb, Isabell Biddle, J. Martin Littlejohn, and Robert Fulford.
A. T. Still first developed osteopathy in 1874 and founded the American School of Osteopathy in 1892, which would become the first and very influential school of an entirely new medical profession. Osteopathic medicine has grown into a broad profession covering many specialties, but they all have grown out of the osteopathic tradition that recognizes each patient as more than the sum of the body parts, treating with a “whole person” approach, including recognizing the important role that the musculoskeletal system plays in disease and health as well as recognizing the triune existence of body, mind, and spirit.
Many of Still’s anatomical, metaphysical, and spiritual ideas share a great similarity with those of Swedenborg. These ideas include the concepts of body, mind, and spirit, fluid aspects of health contained in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and lymphatics, fascial interconnections uniting the body, the ability of the body for self-regulation and self-healing following an inherent wisdom contained within it, and much more.
William G. Sutherland was a student of Still. Sutherland developed his own cranial concept based on Still’s osteopathic philosophy and practice; he was also greatly influenced by Swedenborg, especially his work titled The Brain. Sutherland described a paradigm of a cranial concept with a Primary Respiratory Mechanism that shares many similarities with Swedenborg’s paradigm of brain and body, which Sutherland developed into a sophisticated application of osteopathic principles and practice.
Swedenborg’s influences on osteopathy were more than metaphysical. His descriptions of fluid and fascia and mind-body-spirit resonate with Still and Sutherland’s ideas and show that the connection of science and spirit is an essential element in both the development of Swedenborg’s metaphysics as well as osteopathy was not the direct outgrowth of Swedenborg’s philosophy, his influence can be seen throughout its growth, from the beginning with Still and continued development through Sutherland.
Reviews:
“A scholarly and eminently readable work offering a valuable perspective on the place of Emanuel Swedenborg, one of the world’s greatest polymaths, within the intellectual currents that shaped the development and continued evolution of Still’s and, even more so, to Sutherland’s thought.”

—Jane Eliza Stark, D.O.M.P., Osteopathic Historian, Director of Research, Canadian College of Osteopathy, Toronto, Canada,

“David Fuller’s text Osteopathy and Swedenborg is a thorough analysis of the influence that the writings of Eighteenth Century Swedish scientist and theologian, Emanuel Swedenborg, had upon Andrew Taylor Still, William Garner Sutherland, and other seminal osteopathic thinkers. It behooves any serious osteopathic practitioner, scholar, or educator to read this thought-provoking work.”

—Kenneth Nelson, D.O., F.A.A.O., F.A.C.O.F.P. (Dist.), Professor, Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine

“Osteopathy and Swedenborg is three welcome works in one: At long last a biography of Emanuel Swedenborg that does justice to his scientific genius, a coherent treatment of the origins and principles of the New Thought movement as the Swedenborgian phenomenon that it was, and a thorough treatment of Osteopathy as the philosophical progeny of the two. For reading or reference, this book sets a new standard for scholarship in osteopathy’s complex genealogy.”

—Rev. Reuben P. Bell, D.O. Associate Professor of Family Medicine and Director of Medical Humanities at the Univ of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine

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