Os engenheiros do caos: Como as fake news, as teorias da conspiração e os algoritmos estão sendo utilizados para disseminar ódio, medo e influenciar eleições: 1

“Uma mentira pode dar a volta ao mundo no mesmo tempo que a verdade leva para calçar seus sapatos.”
Mark Twain

Aos olhos dos seus eleitores, as *deficiências* dos líderes populistas se transformam em qualidades, sua inexperiência demonstra que não pertencem ao círculo da “velha política”, e sua incompetência é uma garantia da sua autenticidade. As tensões que causam em nível internacional são vistas como mostras de sua independência, e as fake News, marca inequívoca de sua propaganda, evidenciam sua liberdade de pensamento.

No mundo de Donald Trump, Boris Johnson, Matteo Salvini e Jair Bolsonaro, cada dia traz sua própria gafe, sua própria polêmica, seu próprio golpe brilhante. No entanto, por trás das manifestações desenfreadas do carnaval populista, está o trabalho árduo de ideólogos e, cada vez mais, de cientistas e especialistas do Big Data, sem os quais esses líderes nunca teriam chegado ao poder.

É o retrato desses engenheiros do caos que Giuliano da Empoli nos apresenta, através de uma investigação ampla e contundente que vai muito além do caso Cambridge Analytica e remonta ao início dos anos 2000, quando o movimento populista global, hoje em pleno curso, dava seus primeiros passos na Itália.

O resultado é uma galeria de personagens variados, quase todos desconhecidos do público em geral, mas que vêm mudando as regras do jogo político e a face das nossas sociedades.

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Detalhes do produto

• Editora ‏ : ‎ Vestígio; 1ª edição (6 dezembro 2019)
• Idioma ‏ : ‎ Português
• Capa comum ‏ : ‎ 192 páginas
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 8554126602
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-8554126605
• Dimensões ‏ : ‎ 21 x 13.8 x 1.4 cm

• Ranking dos mais vendidos: Nº 4,814 em Livros (Conheça o Top 100 na categoria Livros)
  • Nº 12 em Democracia Política e Ciências Sociais

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Ex-funcionário do YouTube, Guillaume Chaslot explicou claramente de que maneira o algoritmo da plataforma, responsável por 70% dos vídeos assistidos, foi concebido para impulsionar o público na direção dos conteúdos mais extremos, maximizando o nível de engajamento até seus limites. Assim, quem procura informações acerca do sistema solar no YouTube terá diante de si um menu bem farto de vídeos sustentando a teoria da Terra Plana, ao passo que o usuário interessado por questões de saúde será rapidamente reorientado para as ideias dos No Vax, o movimento antivacina, e dos conspiracionistas. O mesmo mecanismo está acelerado no terreno político. É assim que os brasileiros assistiram, nos últimos anos, à ascensão de uma nova geração de YouTubers de extrema-direita, que souberam explorar o algoritmo da plataforma para multiplicar sua visibilidade (e seu faturamento). É o caso de Nando Moura, um guitarrista amador que reúne mais de três milhões de inscritos no seu canal do YouTube, alternando canções, instruções para videogames e, sobretudo, uma variedade extraordinária de teorias da conspiração. Ou o caso de Carlos Jordy, um fisiculturista coberto de tatuagens que deve sua popularidade, e sua cadeira no Congresso, a uma série de vídeos denunciando um complô dos professores de esquerda para espalhar o comunismo nas escolas. Ou ainda o exemplo do Movimento Brasil Livre, uma organização fundada durante a campanha a favor do impeachment da ex-presidente Dilma Rousseff, dotado de uma poderosa produtora de vídeos para o YouTube que empregava jovens profissionais dedicados à luta contra o que consideram “a ditadura do politicamente correto”. Em outubro de 2018, um de seus membros mais ativos, Kim Kataguiri, foi eleito, aos 22 anos, o mais jovem deputado a integrar o Congresso Nacional. Na mesma ocasião, outros cinco postulantes do MBL fizeram sua entrada no parlamento. Juntos, esses personagens, assim como inúmeras figuras similares, contribuíram para criar o clima que tornou possível a eleição de um ex-militar de extrema-direita, ele mesmo muito popular nas redes sociais, à presidência da república. O vídeo dos apoiadores de Jair Bolsonaro, reunidos em Brasília no dia de sua posse, que gritavam alegremente os nomes do Facebook e do YouTube, rodou o mundo.

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